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          MacOS日常使用技巧积累
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        <h1 id="快捷键"><a href="#快捷键" class="headerlink" title="快捷键"></a>快捷键</h1><h2 id="基本操作"><a href="#基本操作" class="headerlink" title="基本操作"></a>基本操作</h2><ul>
<li>无格式粘贴快捷键：<code>Command + Shift + V</code></li>
<li>截屏快捷键：<code>Command + Shift + 4</code></li>
<li>回到桌面：<code>Fn + F11</code></li>
<li>退出当前应用程序：<code>Command + Q</code></li>
<li>全局搜索文件：<code>Command + Space</code></li>
</ul>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="文件操作"><a href="#文件操作" class="headerlink" title="文件操作"></a>文件操作</h2><ul>
<li>在当访达文件夹窗口切换到上一个/下一个目录：<code>Command-[</code>/<code>Command-]</code></li>
<li>复制一个一模一样的文件快捷键（相当于Win系统的<code>Ctrl+C Ctrl+V</code>）：<code>Command + D</code></li>
<li>删除文件快捷键（移入废纸篓）：<code>Command + BackSpace</code></li>
<li>清空废纸篓快捷键：<code>Command + Shift + BackSpace</code></li>
<li>重命名文件：先选中，然后按回车</li>
<li>从A处剪切一个文件到B处：在A处执行<code>Command + C</code>把文件复制到剪贴板，在B处执行<code>Command + Option + V</code>，即可完成剪切文件到B处（相当于Win系统的<code>Ctrl+X Ctrl+V</code>）</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="命令行终端窗口常用快捷键（也适用于浏览器等Tab页模式的窗口）"><a href="#命令行终端窗口常用快捷键（也适用于浏览器等Tab页模式的窗口）" class="headerlink" title="命令行终端窗口常用快捷键（也适用于浏览器等Tab页模式的窗口）"></a>命令行终端窗口常用快捷键（也适用于浏览器等Tab页模式的窗口）</h2><ul>
<li>新建一个新的终端窗口：<code>Command-n</code></li>
<li>在当前终端窗口新建一个Tab页：<code>Command-t</code></li>
<li>切换到上一个/下一个终端窗口：<code>Command-左箭头</code>/<code>Command-右箭头</code></li>
<li>在当前终端切换到上一个/下一个Tab页：<code>Command-S-[</code>/<code>Command-S-]</code></li>
<li>关闭当前Tab页（如果是当前终端窗口的最后一个Tab页，则关闭当前终端窗口）：<code>Command-w</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="其他操作"><a href="#其他操作" class="headerlink" title="其他操作"></a>其他操作</h2><ul>
<li>打开词典划词翻译：<code>Ctrl + Command + d</code></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="实用操作"><a href="#实用操作" class="headerlink" title="实用操作"></a>实用操作</h1><h2 id="在命令行以debug模式打开图形化Emacs程序"><a href="#在命令行以debug模式打开图形化Emacs程序" class="headerlink" title="在命令行以debug模式打开图形化Emacs程序"></a>在命令行以debug模式打开图形化Emacs程序</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">open -a /Applications/Emacs.app --args --debug-init`</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="忘记root密码"><a href="#忘记root密码" class="headerlink" title="忘记root密码"></a>忘记root密码</h2><ul>
<li>打开终端，执行<code>sudo bash</code>，输入当前用户密码，进入bash。</li>
<li>执行<code>passwd root</code>，输入两次密码。</li>
<li>退出bash，执行<code>su - root</code>，输入刚刚设置的密码，即可切到root用户。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="用find命令模拟tree命令"><a href="#用find命令模拟tree命令" class="headerlink" title="用find命令模拟tree命令"></a>用find命令模拟tree命令</h2><ul>
<li><p><code>find . -print | sed -e &#39;s;[^/]*/;|____;g;s;____|; |;g&#39;</code>，效果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">m2foxdeMacBook-Pro:code m2fox$ find . -print | sed -e &#x27;s;[^/]*/;|____;g;s;____|; |;g&#x27;</span><br><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">|____test</span><br><span class="line">| |____HelloTest.java</span><br><span class="line">|____src</span><br><span class="line">| |____java</span><br><span class="line">| | |____Hello.java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>把上面命令放在<code>~/.bash_profile</code>文件并起别名<code>tree</code>。</p>
</li>
<li><p>执行：<code>source ~/.bash_profile</code>，然后执行命令<code>tree</code>效果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">m2foxdeMacBook-Pro:code m2fox$ tree</span><br><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">|____test</span><br><span class="line">| |____HelloTest.java</span><br><span class="line">|____src</span><br><span class="line">| |____java</span><br><span class="line">| | |____Hello.java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="安装应用程序提示：”无法打开xxx-，因为无法验证开发者”"><a href="#安装应用程序提示：”无法打开xxx-，因为无法验证开发者”" class="headerlink" title="安装应用程序提示：”无法打开xxx ，因为无法验证开发者”"></a>安装应用程序提示：”无法打开xxx ，因为无法验证开发者”</h3><p>从网上下载了一个全文搜索的可执行程序<code>sift</code>，手工复制到<code>/usr/local/bin/</code>目录下，然后执行<code>sift</code>命令，报错提示：”无法打开sift ，因为无法验证开发者”。</p>
<p>解决办法：打开终端命令行，执行命令即可：<code>sudo spctl --master-disable</code></p>
<p>注：如果想要再打开这个开关，执行：<code>sudo spctl --master-enable</code></p>
<p>另一种解决方案：执行<code>open ./</code>命令，在访达中右键打开sift，点击打开，这样打开一次后，后面就可以正常在命令后执行sift了。</p>
<h3 id="文件编辑"><a href="#文件编辑" class="headerlink" title="文件编辑"></a>文件编辑</h3><ul>
<li>用zip命令压缩/解压缩：<ul>
<li>比如要压缩当前目录下一个名为<code>readme.txt</code>的文件为<code>readme.zip</code>：<code>zip readme.zip readme.txt</code></li>
<li>比如要解压缩当前目录下一个名为<code>readme.zip</code>的文件到当前目录下的<code>tmp</code>目录下：<code>unzip readme.zip -d ./tmp/</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="为应用程序添加命令行启动参数"><a href="#为应用程序添加命令行启动参数" class="headerlink" title="为应用程序添加命令行启动参数"></a>为应用程序添加命令行启动参数</h3><p>比如在Emacs启动时候有报错，想要打开Emacs的调试开关定位问题，那么就需要在启动程序添加命令行参数：<code>--debug-init</code>，怎么添加呢？步骤如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>打开终端，切换到Emacs的图形界面启动应用程序所在的目录，我的在这个目录下：<code>/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/</code></li>
<li>找到Emacs的图形界面启动程序可执行文件，我的是：<code>Emacs-x86_64-10_10</code></li>
<li>在终端中添加命令行参数并启动Emacs图形界面程序：<code>./Emacs-x86_64-10_10 --debug-init</code>，这个时候即以调试模式打开Emacs图形界面程序，可以根据异常栈信息定位问题了。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="触控板操作"><a href="#触控板操作" class="headerlink" title="触控板操作"></a>触控板操作</h2><h3 id="常规操作"><a href="#常规操作" class="headerlink" title="常规操作"></a>常规操作</h3><ul>
<li>设置点右下角触发鼠标右键：系统偏好设置-&gt;触控板-&gt;辅助点按-&gt;点按右下角。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="连接鼠标时关闭触控板"><a href="#连接鼠标时关闭触控板" class="headerlink" title="连接鼠标时关闭触控板"></a>连接鼠标时关闭触控板</h3><p>系统偏好设置 &gt; 辅助功能 &gt; 指针控制 &gt; 有鼠标或无线触控板时忽略内建触控板。</p>
<h1 id="开发环境配置"><a href="#开发环境配置" class="headerlink" title="开发环境配置"></a>开发环境配置</h1><h2 id="HomeBrew"><a href="#HomeBrew" class="headerlink" title="HomeBrew"></a>HomeBrew</h2><p>HomebrewCN一键无痛安装/配置/卸载：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN">https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN</a></p>
<h2 id="安装pip3"><a href="#安装pip3" class="headerlink" title="安装pip3"></a>安装pip3</h2><p><code>curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3</code></p>
<h2 id="github-hosts"><a href="#github-hosts" class="headerlink" title="github hosts"></a>github hosts</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/521xueweihan/GitHub520@main/hosts">https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/521xueweihan/GitHub520@main/hosts</a></p>
<p>更新使生效：<br><code>sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder</code></p>
<h1 id="常见问题"><a href="#常见问题" class="headerlink" title="常见问题"></a>常见问题</h1><h2 id="ipython安装有问题"><a href="#ipython安装有问题" class="headerlink" title="ipython安装有问题"></a>ipython安装有问题</h2><p>使用pip3安装好ipython后，打开ipython报错：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-bash: /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/bin/ipython: /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/opt/python/bin/python3.7: bad interpreter: No such file or directory</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这是因为<code>/usr/local/bin/ipython</code>配置的python路径有问题导致的，先<code>which python3</code>查看python3的安装路径，然后修改<code>/usr/local/bin/ipython</code>把开头的python路径改为实际的路径，然后重新执行ipython，这个时候发现又报错：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ModuleNotFoundError: No module named <span class="string">&#x27;IPython&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>执行pip3安装即可：<code>pip3 install IPython</code></p>

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